Notes
four squares solution

Solution to the Four Squares Puzzle

Four Squares

44 squares. What’s the shaded area?

Solution by Dissection and Calculation

Four squares labelled

With the points labelled as above, the length of the line segment JIJ I determines all the other lengths, so let xx be this length. Then ACA C has length 10x10 - x, DED E has length x+2x + 2, and GFG F has length 8x8 - x.

The shaded region can be thought of as the rectangle BEGJB E G J without the four corner triangles. The area of rectangle BEGJB E G J is 10×(x+10+x+2)=120+20x10 \times (x + 10 + x + 2) = 120 + 20 x, and the areas of the four triangles are as follows.

In total, this gives 20x+2020 x + 20. The shaded area is therefore 120+20x20x20=100120 + 20 x - 20 x - 20 = 100.

Solution by Shearing and Area of a Triangle

Four squares sheared

Split the shaded region into two triangles along a diagonal of the central square, as shown above. Each of the outer lines drawn is parallel to this diagonal and so shearing the apex of each triangle along its line does not change its area. Each triangle therefore has area equal to half of the central square, and so the area of the shaded region is the same as that of the central square, which is 100100.

Solution by Invariance Principle

Four squares invariant

The constraint of the width of the configuration being 2222 means that there is not a way to draw this diagram so that the shaded region coincides with the central square. Nevertheless, there is a configuration that allows a simpler calculation, namely when the left and right vertices of the shaded region are level. With the lengths as in the first section, this occurs when x=8xx = 8 - x, so when x=4x = 4. In this configuration, the shaded region can be split into two triangles along a horizontal line from MM to FF, which has length x+10+x+2=20x + 10 + x + 2 = 20. The area of the shaded region is therefore 12×20×10=100\frac{1}{2} \times 20 \times 10 = 100.

Note that this does not show that the area is invariant, but shows that if the area is assumed to be invariant then it must be 100100.